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Tel: 18954221560
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East Chemsources Limited was established in 2008, is a professional company engaged in the development of chemical products. In the past of 15 years，through continuous technological innovation and the use of talent introduction advantages, we have achieved rapid development, and has become an international diversified modern chemical enterprise. At present, our products have been exported to more than 80 countries,including food additives, pharmaceutical raw materials, chemical products and personal care
Since the establishment of the company, always adhere to the credibility first, quality first enterprise creed.
Our company is committed to creating a customer-centric, customer-demand-oriented, customer value creation and achievement of customer dreams for the purpose of the service concept, with a broad vision and broad mind, committed to creating good benefits and market operation, to build corporate brand.
Arabella
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Some solids are hardly soluble in water. When one or more of these solids are present in large quantities in an aqueous solution, they can exist in an emulsified state in water under the agitation of hydraulic or external forces, forming an emulsion. Theoretically, such a system is unstable. However, in the presence of certain surfactants (e.g., soil particles), the emulsification becomes so severe that it is even difficult to separate the two phases. The most typical examples are the oil-water mixtures in oil-water separation and the water-oil mixtures in sewage treatment. In these two-phase systems, relatively stable water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) structures are formed, whose theoretical basis is the "electrical double layer structure".
In such cases, certain chemicals are added to destroy the stable electrical double layer structure and the stable emulsified system, thereby achieving the separation of the two phases. These chemicals used to break the emulsification are called demulsifiers.
A demulsifier is a surface-active substance that can destroy the structure of emulsified liquids, enabling the separation of each phase in the emulsion. Crude oil demulsification refers to the use of the chemical action of demulsifiers to separate oil and water from the emulsified oil-water mixture, so as to achieve the purpose of crude oil dehydration and meet the water content standard for crude oil transportation.
An effective and simple method for the efficient separation of organic and aqueous phases is to use demulsifiers. Demulsifiers eliminate the emulsified state and break the emulsified interface with a certain strength to achieve two-phase separation. However, different demulsifiers have different demulsification capabilities for organic phases, and the performance of demulsifiers directly affects the two-phase separation effect. In the penicillin production process, an important step is to extract penicillin from the penicillin fermentation broth using an organic solvent (e.g., butyl acetate). Due to the presence of complex substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, and mycelia in the fermentation broth, the interface between the organic and aqueous phases is unclear during extraction, forming an emulsified zone with a certain strength, which greatly affects the yield of the final product. Therefore, it is necessary to use demulsifiers to break the emulsion, eliminate the emulsification phenomenon, and achieve rapid and efficient separation of the two phases.
At present, the commonly used non-ionic demulsifiers in oilfields mainly include the following types:
The main component of SP-type demulsifiers is polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene stearyl ether, with a theoretical structural formula of R(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH. In the formula: EO = polyoxyethylene; PO = polyoxypropylene; R = fatty alcohol; x, y, z = degrees of polymerization. SP-type demulsifiers appear as light yellow pastes, with an HLB value of 10–12, and are soluble in water. Non-ionic SP-type demulsifiers have good demulsification effects on paraffinic crude oil. Their hydrophobic part is composed of C12–C18 hydrocarbon chains, and their hydrophilic groups achieve hydrophilicity through the formation of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups (-OH), ether groups (-O-) in the molecule and water. Since hydroxyl and ether groups have weak hydrophilicity, a single or two such hydrophilic groups cannot pull the C12–C18 hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic group) into water. Multiple such hydrophilic groups are required to achieve water solubility. The larger the molecular weight of the non-ionic demulsifier, the longer the molecular chain, and the more hydroxyl and ether groups it contains, the greater its pulling force, and the stronger its demulsification ability for crude oil emulsions. Another reason why SP-type demulsifiers are suitable for paraffinic crude oil is that paraffinic crude oil contains no or very little colloid and asphaltene, has fewer lipophilic surfactant substances, and has a relatively low density. For crude oil with high colloid and asphaltene content (or water content > 20%), SP-type demulsifiers have weak demulsification ability, due to their single molecular structure without branched or aromatic structures.
AP-type demulsifiers are polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyethers initiated by polyethylene polyamine, and are a type of multi-branched non-ionic surfactant. Their molecular structural formula is: D(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH. In the formula: EO = polyoxyethylene; PO = polyoxypropylene; R = fatty alcohol; D = polyethylene polyamine; x, y, z = degrees of polymerization.
AP-type demulsifiers are used for the demulsification of paraffinic crude oil emulsions, and their effect is better than that of SP-type demulsifiers. They are more suitable for the demulsification of crude oil with a water content higher than 20% and can achieve rapid demulsification at low temperatures. For example, if SP-type demulsifiers require 2 hours of sedimentation for demulsification at 55–60°C, AP-type demulsifiers only need 1.5 hours of sedimentation for demulsification at 45–50°C. This is due to the structural characteristics of AP-type demulsifier molecules. The initiator polyethylene polyamine determines the molecular structure: the molecular chain is long with many branches, and the hydrophilic ability is higher than that of SP-type demulsifiers with a single molecular structure. The multi-branched feature enables AP-type demulsifiers to have high wetting and penetration properties. When demulsifying crude oil emulsions, the molecules of AP-type demulsifiers can quickly penetrate into the oil-water interface film and occupy a larger surface area than the upright monomolecular film arrangement of SP-type demulsifier molecules. Therefore, they have the advantages of low dosage and obvious demulsification effect. At present, this type of demulsifier is a well-performing non-ionic demulsifier used in Daqing Oilfield.
AE-type demulsifiers are polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyethers initiated by polyethylene polyamine, and are a type of multi-branched non-ionic surfactant. Compared with AP-type demulsifiers, the difference is that AE-type demulsifiers are two-stage polymers with small molecules and short branches. Their molecular structural formula is: D(PO)x(EO)yH. In the formula: EO = polyoxyethylene; PO = polyoxypropylene; D = polyethylene polyamine; x, y = degrees of polymerization. Although there is a great difference in molecular appearance between AE-type and AP-type demulsifiers, their molecular components are the same, with differences only in monomer dosage and polymerization sequence.
(1) During the design and synthesis of these two non-ionic demulsifiers, the amounts of raw materials used for the head and tail are different, resulting in different lengths of the polymerized molecules.
(2) The molecules of AP-type demulsifiers are two-stage, using polyethylene polyamine as the initiator, which polymerizes with polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene to form block copolymers; the molecules of AE-type demulsifiers are also two-stage, using polyethylene polyamine as the initiator, which polymerizes with polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene to form two-stage copolymers. Therefore, the designed AP-type demulsifier molecules should be longer than AE-type demulsifier molecules.
AE-type demulsifiers are crude oil demulsifiers with a two-stage multi-branched structure, and are also suitable for the demulsification of asphaltenic crude oil emulsions. Asphaltenic crude oil contains more lipophilic surfactants, has higher viscosity, and a small oil-water density difference, making demulsification difficult. However, AE-type demulsifiers have a fast demulsification rate; meanwhile, they are also good wax inhibitors and viscosity reducers. Due to their multi-branched molecular structure, they easily form tiny networks. The paraffin single crystals formed in crude oil fall into these networks, which hinders the free movement of paraffin single crystals and prevents them from connecting with each other to form a paraffin network structure. This reduces the viscosity and freezing point of crude oil, prevents the agglomeration of wax crystals, and thus achieves the purpose of wax inhibition.
AR-type demulsifiers are new oil-soluble non-ionic demulsifiers formed by the polymerization of alkylphenol formaldehyde resin (AR resin) with polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. Their HLB value is about 4–8, and the demulsification temperature is as low as 35–45°C. Their molecular structural formula is: AR(PO)x(EO)yH. In the formula: EO = polyoxyethylene; PO = polyoxypropylene; AR = resin; x, y, z = degrees of polymerization. During the synthesis of demulsifiers, AR resin not only acts as an initiator but also integrates into the demulsifier molecules to form the lipophilic group. AR-type demulsifiers have the following characteristics: their molecules are not large, and they have good dissolution, diffusion, and penetration effects when the crude oil freezing point is higher than 5°C, promoting the flocculation and coalescence of emulsified water droplets. They can remove more than 80% of the water from crude oil with a water content of 50%–70% within 45 minutes at a temperature below 45°C, which is unmatched by SP-type and AP-type demulsifiers.
Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.
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Handling and Storage
Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.
See More Isooctyl stearate Safety Data Sheet