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East Chemsources Limited was established in 2008, is a professional company engaged in the development of chemical products. In the past of 15 years，through continuous technological innovation and the use of talent introduction advantages, we have achieved rapid development, and has become an international diversified modern chemical enterprise. At present, our products have been exported to more than 80 countries,including food additives, pharmaceutical raw materials, chemical products and personal care
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| Physicochemical Properties - PH Value: 8.0±1.0 |
| Physicochemical Properties - Assay: ≥99% |
| Physicochemical Properties - Moisture: (12±2)% |
| 1. Hydrotalcite - based Auxiliary Stabilizers |
| Hydrotalcite is a layered double hydroxide of composite metals (LDH). Its chemical composition includes magnesium - aluminum layered hydroxide, interlayer carbonate, nitrate ions, and 结晶水 (crystalline water). Its crystal structure consists of ordered arrangement of nanoscale laminates; atoms within the laminate are bonded by covalent bonds, while laminates are bonded by weak chemical bonds (ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds/van der Waals forces) with exchangeable anions between them. The main laminate is alkaline, and due to its special chemical composition and crystal structure, it has unique properties and functions. Its thermal stability effect is comprehensively better than that of stearic acid, metallic soaps, etc. It also has advantages of transparency, insulation, weather resistance, and processability, is not polluted by sulfides, is non - toxic, and can synergize with other heat stabilizers, making it a non - toxic auxiliary heat stabilizer with great development prospects. |
| In CPVC processing, hydrotalcite is generally considered to absorb HCl gas released by thermal decomposition of CPVC through surface hydroxyl groups, weakening the catalytic effect of HCl on CPVC decomposition. Some scholars also propose that the exchange between HCl and interlayer CO32−? of hydrotalcite plays a role. When hydrotalcite is used as a PVC heat stabilizer, HCl generated by thermal decomposition reacts with interlayer CO32−? of hydrotalcite, which is effective for CPVC. However, a large amount of gas is generated due to CPVC decomposition during CPVC processing, so hydrotalcite must be used with auxiliary stabilizers that resist gas cracking. |
| 2. Zeolite - based Auxiliary Heat Stabilizers |
| The general chemical formula of zeolite is AmBpO2p?⋅nH2?O, and its structural formula is Ax[(AlO2?)x(SiO2?)y]⋅nH2?O (where A is cations such as Ca, Na, K, Ba, Sr; B is Al/Si; p is the valence of cations; m is the number of cations; n is the number of water molecules; x is the number of Al atoms; y is the number of Si atoms; y/x is usually between 1 - 5; (x + y) is the number of tetrahedrons in the unit cell). |
| Zeolite is generally a well - crystallized, free - flowing powder with optimized particle size, showing weak alkalinity. It can be used as a component in CPVC heat stabilizer mixtures to neutralize HCl released by thermal decomposition of CPVC, eliminate the catalytic effect of HCl on CPVC degradation, improve the long - term thermal stability and rheological properties of CPVC, and has better environmental friendliness. Its relevant indicators are as follows: |
| Indicator |
| Zeolite Powder |
| Finer zeolite particle size and larger addition amount will reduce the impact resistance of CPVC products. Because zeolite has certain lubricity, it will reduce the shear force of the product and affect the plasticizing performance of the system. Good dispersion in the system is required to achieve better stability. |
| 3. Epoxy Compounds |
| Under the trend of environmental protection, the traditionally used non - acid stabilizer is epoxidized soybean oil. Studies have shown that bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol diglycidyl ether, glycidyl ether of phenolic resin, glycidyl ether of tetramethylethylene, phenolic epoxy resin, triglycidyl trimellitate, diglycidyl terephthalate, etc., have high thermal stability. Epoxides react with hydrogen chloride to form chloroethanol, which stabilizes unstable chlorine atoms in PVC under the catalysis of lead, zinc and other metallic soaps. |
| In static stability tests, epoxy compounds are usually used in pure powder PVC, but their effect is poor when used alone, and can be significantly improved when used together with metal stabilizers. Epoxy auxiliary heat stabilizers generally include epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, butyl epoxy stearate, octyl epoxy compounds, etc. They have good synergistic effect with Ca/Zn systems, with advantages of light stability and non - toxicity. They are used in rigid PVC/CPVC with small dosage, but have the disadvantage of being prone to exudation. The synergistic mechanism is that a large amount of generated HCl is completely saponified and absorbed by epoxy groups, reducing the HCl concentration and thus lowering the photo - oxidation rate of PVC (HCl has a catalytic effect on PVC degradation), thereby significantly improving the thermal stability of PVC. In addition, under the catalysis of zinc salts, epoxy compounds can also effectively capture conjugated chlorine atoms. |
| 4. Polyols |
| Polyols used as auxiliary stabilizers in Ca/Zn composite systems mainly include pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, polyethylene glycol, tetramethylcyclohexane, dihydroxymethane, carbitol, as well as sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, and their dehydrated and semi - dehydrated products. These varieties have excellent synergistic effect when used in rigid PVC together with β - diketones, epoxy compounds and hydrotalcite. Although polyols with aldehyde groups have good thermal stability, some varieties still have defects due to easy carbonization and discoloration during processing; new varieties such as dendrites and tris(β - hydroxyethyl) isocyanate can overcome the above defects. |
| In addition, polyols are prone to sublimation. Sublimates deposit on equipment during processing, hindering processing. To overcome this defect, many polyols partially etherified with aliphatics have been developed, such as Tohvel - 1101 made in Japan, which is a polyol ether compound. It can better overcome the sublimation defect of polyols and show good thermal stability, processability and light stability when used with Ca/Zn stabilizer systems. Polyols can chelate metal ions to prevent catalysis by metal oxides; at the same time, in the presence of metals, they can form phenoxyethylene bonds, thereby stabilizing polyvinyl chloride. |
| In addition, polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds such as dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetramethylcyclohexanedimethanol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, 1,6 - hexanediol, 1,4 - butanediol, 1,3 - propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, and their dehydrated and semi - dehydrated products, have excellent synergistic effect when used in rigid PVC together with β - diketones, epoxy compounds and hydrotalcite. |
| Regarding its mechanism, it is generally believed that pentaerythritol forms a complex , and then the complex undergoes a substitution reaction as follows to generate ZnCl? and pentaerythritol complex, thereby inhibiting the catalytic degradation of CPVC by ZnCl? and the "zinc burning" phenomenon, and prolonging the thermal stability time of CPVC. However, there is a typical upper limit for its use; when the dosage of pentaerythritol exceeds 0.5 phr, severe exudation will occur. |
| 5. β - Diketones |
| β - diketones are indispensable auxiliary stabilizers in Ca/Zn composite stabilizer systems, playing an important role in improving thermal stability, light stability and inhibiting "zinc burning". The main varieties include stearoyl benzoyl methane, dibenzoyl methane, isovaleryl benzoyl methane, octanoyl benzoyl methane, etc. The basic dosage is generally 1/2 - 1/5 of that of Ca/Zn composite stabilizers, or 0.3 - 0.4 phr of CPVC resin. |
| The prominent role of β - diketones is to improve the coloring performance of products, and they generally have no antagonistic effect with other components. Among such heat stabilizers, stearoyl benzoyl methane is the first choice, which was developed by Pfaltz & Bauer Inc. in the United States for food packaging materials; followed by dibenzoyl methane, a classic variety, which is currently produced in China and partially exported; in addition to the above two solid varieties, there are two main liquid β - diketone varieties: one is isovaleryl benzoyl methane developed by Rodia, and the other is liquid β - diketone - 247 developed by Shanxi Institute of Chemical Industry. |
| Recent studies on β - diketones have shown that, for example, 1,3 - dibenzoyl diketones and compounds (DATH) developed by Ciba, and pure alkene - 2,4 - dione developed by Akros, have better thermal stability and color stability effects than traditional β - diketones. In addition, β - diketones are very effective for initial coloring. The main varieties include stearoyl benzoyl methane, dibenzoyl methane, isovaleryl benzoyl methane, octanoyl benzoyl methane, etc. The prominent role of β - diketones is to improve the coloring performance of products, and they generally have no adverse effects with other components. |
| Its mechanism is considered that the methylene group between two carbonyl groups has high activity and is easy to lose protons, so it can quickly capture and decompose metal hydroxides to form strong carbon - carbon inhibition, thereby stopping the growth of conjugated chains obtained by dehydrochlorination and achieving stability. However, due to the slow reaction rate, the stability effect is not high. When β - diketones are added to the ZnCl? system, on the one hand, β - diketones complex with zinc soaps in the system to form β - diketone zinc, and then β - diketone zinc quickly replaces polypropylene chlorine atoms through carbon - hydrogen - oxygen rearrangement (or hydrogen transfer) reaction; on the other hand, ZnCl? can catalyze the above carbon - hydroxylation reaction to make it proceed rapidly. Due to the high content of allyl chloride in CPVC resin, the use of β - diketones can significantly improve thermal stability. |
| 6. Uracil |
| Uracil, also known as dioxopyrimidine, is a white or light yellow needle - like crystal with a melting point of 335℃ (rapid decomposition). It is soluble in hot water, dilute hydrochloric acid and ammonia water, and insoluble in ethanol and ether. It can be obtained by polymerizing urea and ethyl formate. It is a pyrimidine derivative and oxa stabilizer, belonging to weak organic bases, and can be compounded to prepare weakly alkaline composite stabilizers special for CPVC pipes. This composite stabilizer not only has good thermal stability, but also can improve the fluidity of CPVC pipes during processing, extend the service life of PVC pipes, has good aging resistance, and the compound contains no heavy metals with simple manufacturing process, thus having good industrial application prospects. Uracil is generally used in weakly acidic systems, and organotin stabilizers are not very suitable. |
See More Isooctyl stearate Properties
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Handling and Storage
Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.
See More Isooctyl stearate Safety Data Sheet